The Philippine Islands face serious overpopulation issues and overcrowding on land puts major stress on coral reefs. You name the coral threat and they have it, pollution, blast fishing, over fishing, illegal netting, cyanide fishing, development sedimentation and a lack of enforcement of environmental regulations. That has not stopped efforts to conserve. At one point, the government considered building 1/2 million reef balls as a giant systematic restoration but politicians changed faster than the plan could be implemented. So, the NGOs and private interests have taken over reef buiiding and Reef Balls (and reef ball imitations) are popping up all over the country.
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